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（必须/高频用 -ing 的情况） 1) 介词后面 ✅ 介 + doing - in / on / at / for / about / of / by / after / before / without / through + doing例：​- I’m good at swimming.​- After finishing work, I went home.​- He left without saying goodbye. 2) 动词作主语（动名词）✅ Doing + is/does…例： - Learning English takes time.​- Smoking is harmful. 3) 只能接 -ing 的动词（常见）✅ V + doing - enjoy / avoid / consider / mind / practice / suggest / finish​- imagine / miss / deny / admit / keep / involve / recommend例：​- I enjoy reading.​- Do you mind opening the window?​- She suggested going by train. 4) 高频固定搭配 ✅ - have fun / have a good time + doing开心做​- feel like + doing感觉想要做​- be busy + doing忙于做​- can’t help + doing情不自禁地做​- be worth + doing值得做-There is/are sb. + doing sth.有人正在做-take turns +doing sth轮流做例：​- I can’t help laughing.​- The book is worth reading. 5) 现在分词作定语/状语 ✅ - 定语：a sleeping baby / a running man​- 状语：Walking down the street, I saw a friend.